home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
- <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
- <title>Chapter 3.  First Steps With Wilber</title>
- <link rel="stylesheet" href="gimp-help-plain.css" type="text/css" />
- <link rel="stylesheet" href="gimp-help-screen.css" type="text/css" />
- <link rel="stylesheet" href="gimp-help-custom.css" type="text/css" />
- <link rel="alternate stylesheet" href="gimp22.css" type="text/css" title="gimp22" />
- <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.73.2" />
- <link rel="start" href="index.html" title="GNU Image Manipulation Program" />
- <link rel="up" href="pt01.html" title="Part I.  Getting started" />
- <link rel="prev" href="gimp-concepts-setup.html" title="2.  Starting GIMP the first time" />
- <link rel="next" href="gimp-concepts-usage.html" title="2.  Main Windows" />
- </head>
- <body>
- <div class="navheader">
- <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
- <tr>
- <th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 3. 
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">First Steps With Wilber</span>
- </th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="gimp-concepts-setup.html"><img src="../images/prev.png" alt="Prev" /></a> </td>
- <th width="60%" align="center">Part I. 
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Getting started</span>
- </th>
- <td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="gimp-concepts-usage.html"><img src="../images/next.png" alt="Next" /></a></td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- <hr />
- </div>
- <div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h2 class="title"><a id="gimp-first-steps"></a>Chapter 3. 
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">First Steps With Wilber</span>
- </h2>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="toc">
- <p>
- <b>Table of Contents</b>
- </p>
- <dl>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect1">
- <a href="gimp-first-steps.html#gimp-concepts-basic">1.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Basic Concepts</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect1">
- <a href="gimp-concepts-usage.html">2.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Main Windows</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <dl>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect2">
- <a href="gimp-concepts-usage.html#gimp-concepts-toolbox">2.1.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">The Main Toolbox</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect2">
- <a href="gimp-image-window.html">2.2.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Image Window</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect2">
- <a href="gimp-concepts-docks.html">2.3.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Dialogs and Docking</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- </dl>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect1">
- <a href="gimp-concepts-undo.html">3.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Undoing</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <dl>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect2">
- <a href="gimp-concepts-undo.html#id2584706">3.1.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Things That Cannot be Undone</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- </dl>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect1">
- <a href="gimp-tutorial-quickies.html">4.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">GIMPLite Quickies</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <dl>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect2">
- <a href="gimp-tutorial-quickies.html#id2584919">4.1.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Intention</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect2">
- <a href="gimp-tutorial-quickie-scale.html">4.2.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Change the Size of an Image (Scale)</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect2">
- <a href="gimp-tutorial-quickie-jpeg.html">4.3.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Make JPEGs Smaller</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect2">
- <a href="gimp-tutorial-quickie-crop.html">4.4.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Crop An Image</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect2">
- <a href="gimp-tutorial-quickie-info.html">4.5.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Find Info About Your Image</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect2">
- <a href="gimp-tutorial-quickie-change-mode.html">4.6.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Change the Mode</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect2">
- <a href="gimp-tutorial-quickie-flip.html">4.7.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Flip An Image</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- </dl>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect1">
- <a href="gimp-tutorial-straight-lines.html">5.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">How to Draw Straight Lines</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <dl>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect2">
- <a href="gimp-tutorial-straight-lines.html#id2586559">5.1.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Intention</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- <dt>
- <span class="sect2">
- <a href="ch03s05s02.html">5.2.
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Final</span>
- </a>
- </span>
- </dt>
- </dl>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="gimp-concepts-basic"></a>1. 
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Basic Concepts</span>
- </h2>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <a id="id2581972" class="indexterm"></a>
- <p>
- This section is intended to give you a brief introduction to the basic
- concepts and terminology you will need to understand in order to make
- sense of the rest of the documentation. Everything here is explained in
- much greater depth elsewhere. With a few exceptions, we have avoided
- cluttering this section with a lot of links and cross-references:
- everything mentioned here is so high-level that you should easily be able
- to locate it in the index.
- </p>
- <div class="variablelist">
- <dl>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Images</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- Images are the basic entities that <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym> works
- with. Roughly speaking, an “<span class="quote">image</span>” corresponds to a
- single file, such as a TIFF or JPEG file. You can also think of an
- image as corresponding to a single display window, but this is not
- quite correct: it is possible to have multiple windows all
- displaying the same image. It is not possible to have a single
- window display more than one image, though, or for an image to have
- no window displaying it.
- </p>
- <p>
- A <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym> image may be quite a complicated thing.
- Instead of thinking of it as something like a sheet of paper with a
- picture on it, you should think of it as more like a book, whose
- pages are called “<span class="quote">layers</span>” In addition to a stack of
- layers, a <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym> image may contain a selection
- mask, a set of channels, and a set of paths. In fact,
- <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym> provides a mechanism for attaching arbitrary
- pieces of data to an image, as which are called
- “<span class="quote">parasites</span>”
- </p>
- <p>
- In <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym>, it is possible to have many images open
- at the same time. If they are large, each image may use many
- megabytes of memory, but <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym> uses a
- sophisticated tile-based memory management system that allows it to
- handle even very large images gracefully. There are, however,
- limits, and it is usually beneficial when working with images to put
- as much memory into your system as possible.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Layers</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- If an image is like a book, then a layer is like a page within the
- book. The simplest images only contain a single layer, and can be
- treated like single sheets of paper, but sophisticated
- <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym> users often deal with images containing many
- layers, even dozens of them. Layers need not be opaque, and they
- need not cover the entire extent of an image, so when you look at an
- image's display, you may see more than just the top layer: you may
- see elements of many layers.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Channels</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- In <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym> Channels are the smallest units of
- subdivision in the stack of layers from which the image is
- constructed. Every Channel in a layer has exactly the same size as
- the layer it belongs to and consequently consists of the same
- pixels. Every pixel can be regarded as a container which can be
- filled with a value ranging from 0 to 255. The exact meaning of this
- value depends on the type of channel, e.g. in the
- <acronym class="acronym">RGB</acronym> color model the value in the
- <span class="emphasis"><em>R</em></span>-channel means the amount of red which is
- added to the colour of the different pixels, in the selection
- channel the value denotes how strong the pixels are selected and in
- the alpha channel the values denote how transparent the
- corresponding pixels are.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Selections</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- Often when you do something to an image, you only want a part of it
- to be affected. The “<span class="quote">selection</span>”
- mechanism makes this possible. Each image has its own selection,
- which you normally see as a moving dashed line separating the
- selected parts from the unselected parts (the so-called
- “<span class="quote">marching ants</span>” ). Actually this is a bit misleading:
- selection in <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym>
- is really graded, not all-or-nothing, and really the selection is
- represented by a full-fledged grayscale channel. The dashed line
- that you normally see is simply a contour line at the 50%-selected
- level. At any time, though, you can visualize the selection channel
- in all its glorious detail by toggling the
- <a class="link" href="gimp-image-window-qmask-button.html" title="3.  QuickMask">QuickMask</a>
- button.
- </p>
- <p>
- A large component of learning how to use <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym>
- effectively is acquiring the art of making good
- selections—selections that contain exactly what you need and nothing
- more. Because selection-handling is so centrally important,
- <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym> gives you a large number of tools for doing
- it: an assortment of selection-making tools, a menu of selection
- operations, and the ability to switch to Quick Mask mode, in which
- you can treat the selection channel as though it were a color
- channel, thereby “<span class="quote">painting the selection</span>”
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Undoing</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- When you make mistakes, you can undo them. Nearly everything you can
- do to an image is undoable. In fact, you can usually undo a
- substantial number of the most recent things you did, if you decide
- that they were misguided. <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym> makes this
- possible by keeping a history of your actions. This history consumes
- memory, though, so undoability is not infinite. Some actions use
- very little undo memory, so that you can do dozens of them before
- the earliest ones are deleted from this history; other types of
- actions require massive amounts of undo memory. You can configure
- the amount of memory <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym> allows for the undo
- history of each image, but in any situation, you should always be
- able to undo at least your 2-3 most recent actions. (The most
- important action that is not undoable is closing an image. For this
- reason, <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym> asks you to confirm that you really
- want to close the image if you have made any changes to it.)
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Plug-ins</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- Many, probably most, of the things you do to an image in
- <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym> are done by the <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym>
- application itself. However, <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym> also makes
- extensive use of “<span class="quote">plug-ins</span>” which are external programs
- that interact very closely with <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym>, and are
- capable of manipulating images and other <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym>
- objects in very sophisticated ways. Many important plug-ins come
- packaged together with <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym>, but there are also
- many available by other means. In fact, the ability to write
- plug-ins (and scripts) is the easiest way for people not on the
- <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym> development team to add new capabilities to
- <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym>.
- </p>
- <p>
- All of the commands in the Filters menu, and a substantial number of
- commands in other menus, are actually implemented by plug-ins.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Scripts</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- In addition to plug-ins, which are programs written in the C
- language, GIMP can also make use of scripts. The largest number of
- existing scripts are written in a language called Script-Fu, which
- is special to GIMP (for those who care, it is a dialect of the
- Lisp-like language called Scheme). It is also possible to write GIMP
- scripts in Python or Perl. These languages are more flexible and
- powerful than Script-Fu; their disadvantage is that they depend on
- software that does not automatically come packaged with GIMP, so
- they are not guaranteed to work correctly in every GIMP
- installation.
- </p>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="navfooter">
- <hr />
- <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
- <tr>
- <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="gimp-concepts-setup.html"><img src="../images/prev.png" alt="Prev" /></a> </td>
- <td width="20%" align="center">
- <a accesskey="u" href="pt01.html">
- <img src="../images/up.png" alt="Up" />
- </a>
- </td>
- <td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="gimp-concepts-usage.html"><img src="../images/next.png" alt="Next" /></a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"><a accesskey="p" href="gimp-concepts-setup.html">2. 
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Starting GIMP the first time</span>
- </a> </td>
- <td width="20%" align="center">
- <a accesskey="h" href="index.html">
- <img src="../images/home.png" alt="Home" />
- </a>
- </td>
- <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> <a accesskey="n" href="gimp-concepts-usage.html">2. 
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Main Windows</span>
- </a></td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- </div>
- </body>
- </html>
-